The Italian government is planning a package of tough measures to stamp out soccer hooliganism following Friday's death of 38-year-old police officer Filippo Raciti in Catania.
But the public is sceptical after seeing similar crackdowns in the past fail to produce results.
The first significant move to address the problem came with changes to the game's disciplinary rules introduced in 1989 by Antonio Matarrese, the current President of the League who at the time was the chief of the Italian Soccer Federation (FIGC).
This reform made it possible for the FIGC to hold clubs responsible for trouble caused by their fans, even if the incident took place far from the stadium.
This was not popular with Serie A club chairmen, who argued they could do little about the fans' behaviour away from the grounds.
They eventually managed to have the rule scrapped in 2003.
The next attempt came in 1995 following the death of Genoa fan Vincenzo Spagnolo, who was stabbed by an AC Milan supporter near Genoa's Marassi Stadium.
The Soccer League introduced a 10-point anti-violence plan, which included some of the measures the government is considering at the moment.
One of them was a ban on the cosy relations that some Italian clubs nurture with the hard-core gangs of so-called 'ultra' supporters.
Many clubs have given ultra groups free tickets, merchandizing franchises and help with the cost of trips to away games in exchange for good behaviour.
In many cases this has backfired because it has led to hooligans blackmailing the clubs by threatening to cause trouble in order to get even bigger benefits.
The rule banning such relations between clubs and fan groups has never been applied.
In 2003 former Interior Minister Giuseppe Pisanu attempted to introduce wide-ranging reforms based on the English model of combating hooliganism. This came after 20-year-old Napoli fan Sergio Ercolan died of the injuries from a fall from the upper tier of a stadium during trouble at the Campania derby at Avellino.
Pisanu was unable to get his bill through parliament because of objections it infringed civil liberties.
But the suspension of the Inter Milan-AC Milan Champions League quarter-final in April 2005 because of crowd trouble put the issue back on the agenda and enabled Pisanu to pass his package.
This increased the use of video surveillance inside grounds and introduced numbered tickets with the buyers' name on to make it easier to detect hooligans.
It also stipulated a series of modifications to the stadiums to make them more secure and easier to police.
It is now obligatory, for example, for stadiums to have turnstiles in order to prevent known hooligans and fans without tickets from sneaking in.
The decree also bolstered the role of club stewards to encourage Italian fans to police themselves more. The law gave Italian stewards the same status as 'public officials' while on duty, which means an act of violence against them should be treated as if it had been carried out against a police officer or a fire-fighter.
The 2005 rules also allowed arrests up to 36 hours after an offence, increased stadium bans and upped hooligans possibilities of facing jail sentences.
The problem is that the Pisanu package has not been implemented.
Only four Serie A grounds fully comply with the law - Rome's Olympic Stadium, Turin's Olympic Stadium, Palermo's Stadio Barbera and Siena's Stadio Artemio Franchi.
In 2005 the FIGC also introduced a number of rules that it said were part of a new 'zero tolerance' approach to crowd trouble.
It gave referees the power to suspend matches if fans hurl flares or other dangerous missiles or racially abuse players.
In theory teams whose fans are responsible for trouble causing a match to be abandoned automatically lose the game 3-0. If the trouble involves both sets of fans, it's possible for two teams to lose the same encounter 3-0.
Such disciplinary action has never been taken though.
