Siena is the best place to live in Italy, according to the annual study made by the authoritative economic daily Il Sole 24 Ore.
The study compared Italy's 103 provinces according to 36 parameters and revealed a net separation between north and south.
In fact, there were no southern cities in the top ten while all of the ones in the bottom ten were in the south, with Catania coming in last.
Tuscany placed three cities in the top ten which aside from Siena, which last won nine years ago, included Florence and Grosseto.
Last year the region did not even have one province in the top ten.
Trieste, last year's winner, was second while Bolzano placed third, followed respectively by Trento, Bologna, Milan, Ravenna, Florence, Belluno and Grosseto.
Joining Catania in the bottom ten were, respectively climbing from the bottom, Taranto, Bari, Foggia, Palermo, Naples, Siracusa, Trapani, Agrigento and Reggio Calabria.
Among the parameters used in the study were quality of life, business and employment, health and environment services, law and order, free time.