The Museo di Roma in Trastevere was established in 1977 in the restored Carmelite convent of Sant'Egidio. It was initially known as the Museo del Folklore e dei Poeti Romaneschi ("museum of folklore and Roman dialect poets").
Following a period of closure it was reopened under its present name in 2000. In addition to a permanent collection related to the recent culture of Rome the museum also houses temporary exhibitions, including the annual World Press Photo exhibition. It is part of the Museo di Roma.